RESUMO
Objetivos: conocer el grado de implementación de la Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria (MFyC) en el grado de Medicina de todas las universidades españolas.Métodos: estudio descriptivo transversal, llevado a cabo entre enero y marzo de 2023. Cuestionario ad hoc, cumplimentado por docentes de las 44 facultades de Medicina (año académico 2022-2023), sobre seis temáticas centradas en la asignatura de MFyC, las prácticas tuteladas, las rotaciones, metodologías docentes y evaluativas, y el profesorado. Resultados: participan 41 facultades (93,2%), 83% públicas y 17% privadas. La asignatura de MFyC está implantada en 34 facultades (82,9%), siendo obligatoria en 32 (94,1%), un 78% del total.La asignatura se denomina Medicina Familiar y Comunitaria solo en 14 facultades (34%) y cuenta con gran variabilidad en créditos ECTS: 3 créditos en 13 facultades (36%) y 6 créditos en 11 facultades (30%). Se imparte en quinto curso en 21 facultades (51%) y en sexto curso en 13 (32%). Hay prácticas tuteladas de MFyC en 28 facultades (68%) y créditos propios en 19 (46%). Mediana duración de 5 semanas. Gran variabilidad en las denominaciones. Coordinación por MFyC en 14 facultades (50%). Hay rotaciones en el centro de salud en 34 facultades (83%), siendo obligatorias en 29 (85%). No hay departamentos de Medicina Familiar, y solo hay unidades docentes universitarias en 4 facultades. Actualmente, hay 3 catedráticos y 13 profesores titulares. Conclusiones: se observa una progresión de la MFyC en la universidad en asignaturas, contenidos y profesorado, pero aún estamos lejos del nivel en el que se encuentran las universidades de otros países. Debilidades: gran heterogeneidad en denominación, contenidos, metodologías, carga docente y estructura. Fortalezas: implementación de metodologías docentes y evaluativas innovadoras.(AU)
Aims: to ascertain the degree of implementation of Family and Community Medicine (MFyC) on the undergraduate medicine degree course of Spanish universities.Methods: cross-sectional descriptive study, January-March 2023. Ad-hoc questionnaire, completed by lecturers of 44 medical schools (academic year 2022-2023). The questionnaire included six MFyC topics; that is, supervised family practice internships, shifts, teaching and evaluation methodologies and lecturers in medical schools.Results: a total of 41 faculties (93.2%) took part; 83% public and 17% private. MFyC course was implemented in 34 faculties (82.9%). The course was mandatory in 32 faculties (94.1%), 78% of the total.The course was named family and community medicine only in 14 medical schools (34%) with a major variability in ECTS credits (3 credits in 13 schools [36%] and 6 credits in 11 schools [30%]). It was taught in the 5th and 6th years in 21 (51%) and 13 (32%) faculties, respectively. There was supervised work experience in 28 faculties (68%), own credits in 19 (46%). Median duration was five weeks. There was a major variability in denomination. There was coordination by family practitioners in 14 faculties (50%).There were health centre internships in 34 faculties (83%), mandatory in 29 (85%).There are no family medicine departments and only university teaching units in four faculties. Currently, there are only three professors and 13 tenured lecturers.Conclusions: development of F&CM as a field was observed in terms of courses, content and teaching staff. However, this still falls well below international standards. Weaknesses are a major heterogeneity in denomination, content, methodologies, teaching load and structure and implementation of innovative teaching and evaluation methodologies was perceived as a strength.(AU)
Assuntos
Humanos , Medicina de Família e Comunidade/educação , Medicina/classificação , Educação Médica , Faculdades de Medicina , Estágio Clínico/métodos , Espanha , Estudos Transversais , Epidemiologia Descritiva , Inquéritos e Questionários , UniversidadesRESUMO
BACKGROUND: The philosophy of evidence-based medicine (EBM) was introduced in the early 90s as a new approach to the practice of medicine, using the best available evidence to make decisions about health care. Despite ongoing controversy, EBM has developed enormously and physicians' attitude towards it is generally positive. Nevertheless, in Spain little is known about this topic. We will therefore undertake a study to explore perceptions, attitudes and knowledge about EBM among primary care physicians. METHODS AND DESIGN: A mixed-method study combining qualitative and quantitative designs will target family practitioners in Spain with the objective of evaluating current attitudes and perceptions about evidence-based medicine. The project will consist of two phases: a first phase running focus groups to identify perceptions and attitudes of participants, and a second phase assessing their attitudes and knowledge about EBM by means of a survey. Both phases will explore these issues in three different subgroups: family practitioners, with or without previous formal education in EBM; members of working groups that formulate healthcare recommendations; and physicians in charge of training family practice residents. Additionally, we will undertake a systematic review to identify and synthesize the available evidence on this topic. DISCUSSION: The study will identify and gain insight into the perceived problems and barriers to the practice of evidence-based medicine among general practitioners in Spain. The project will also evaluate the main knowledge gaps and training needs, and explore how evidence-based medicine is being taught to family medicine residents, the medical practitioners of the future. Our results will aid researchers and health care planners in developing strategies to improve the practice of evidence-based medicine in our country.
Assuntos
Medicina Baseada em Evidências , Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde , Médicos de Família , Análise de Variância , Grupos Focais , Humanos , Atenção Primária à Saúde , Pesquisa Qualitativa , Projetos de Pesquisa , Espanha , Inquéritos e QuestionáriosRESUMO
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